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Additionally, statistically significant correlations were observed between the overall quality of life item (Q1) and the scores of the various domains ( Table 3). As Table 3 shows, statistically significant correlations were found between each domain of the WHOQOL-BREF. The CronbachвЂ™s alpha coefficient of the WHOQOL BREF was adequate (0.889) for all 24 questions, with the following values for each domain: domain 1, 0.810 domain 2, 0.765 domain 3, 0.731 and domain 4, 0.714. CronbachвЂ™s alpha coefficient was applied to examine the internal consistency of the WHOQOL BREF scale (24 items) as well as its four domains. The percentage of respondents scoring at the highest level (ceiling effect) ranged from 2.3% to 35.3%, while the percentage of respondents scoring at the lowest level (floor effect) ranged from 1% to 32.3%. The highest and lowest mean scores were observed in the personal relationship (3.99) and leisure activity (2.09) items, respectively. Table 2 presents the missing responses, mean score, SD, and floor and ceiling effects for each item. Of the participants in this study, 158 (53%) were female and 142 (47%) were male. The mean age of the study population was 68.11в‘1.98 years.

The characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. The inclusion criteria applied in this study were: (1) the presence of cataract, (2) residence in Neyshabur, and (3) agreement to participate in the study.ДЄ total of 300 patients with cataract filled out the WHOQOL BREF questionnaire in this study. The mean score of the items in each domain is used to calculate the domain scores, which are ultimately transformed linearly to a scale of zero to 100. The scores of each domain are scaled in a positive direction (i.e., lower scores denote lower quality of life). According to the guidelines, the raw domain scores for the WHOQOL-BREF were transformed to a score between four and 20. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale and scored from one to five on a response scale. This questionnaire contains two items assessing overall quality of life and general health, as well as 24 other items divided into four domains: physical health (domain 1) with seven items, psychological health (domain 2) with six items, social relationships (domain 3) with three items, and environmental health (domain 4) with eight items. The validated Persian-language version of the WHOQOL-BREF was used in this study. In this study, the questionnaires were filled out in personal interviews, but before the interviews, all participants were informed that their responses would remain confidential. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the utility of the WHOQOL-BREF in assessing the quality of life of patients with cataract. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire is available in many languages, and has been translated into Persian and validated in Iran by Nedjat. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire is a commonly utilized generic measure of quality of life that is used to measure quality of life in healthy people and in different groups of patients. However, in order to study quality of life, we must be able to measure it. Quality of life measures allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the problems due to cataract.

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The simple evaluation of the prevalence of cataract and its associated medical problems cannot convey the full meaning of its impact on the physical, mental, and social well-being of affected individuals. Quality of life is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as вЂњan individualвЂ™s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concernsвЂќ. Vision problems due to cataract have negative effects on patientsвЂ™ quality of life. Snellen visual acuity has been widely used in clinical practice to measure a patientвЂ™s visual function. The non-surgical strategy is typically performed during the early stages of cataract development, while the operative strategy is generally performed when a cataract affects patientsвЂ™ daily activities.

Surgical and non-surgical management are two strategies for treating cataract. Cataract manifests as double or distorted vision, halo or glare vision, blurry vision, colors appearing differently, and gradual deterioration of the vision. Cataract is a common disease in the elderly, and is especially prevalent in those older than 65 years.